Metallic Structure Of Titanium

Titanium has an atomic number of 22 and 22 electrons, with an electronic configuration of 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d²4s² ([Ar]³d²4s²). Elemental titanium has two allotropes: α-Ti and β-Ti. α-Ti has a density of 4.506 g/cm³, while β-Ti has a density of 4.400 g/cm³ at 900℃.

α-Ti has a hexagonal crystal system with a hexagonal close-packed atomic arrangement, resulting in 74% atomic space utilization. β-Ti has a cubic crystal system with a body-centered cubic close-packed atomic arrangement, resulting in 68% atomic space utilization. Furthermore, even small defects in titanium crystals can affect crystal properties such as mechanical strength and electrical conductivity.